Journal: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Article Title: Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Impairs Blood Flow Recovery After Hind-Limb Ischemia
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00144
Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR9 activation promoted TNF-α expression in macrophages. (A) Activation of TLR9 by ODN1826 (0.1-1.0 μM) for 4 h promoted the expression of TNF-α in wild-type macrophages but not in Tlr9 −/− macrophages ( N = 4, per group). (B) Wild-type or Tlr9 −/− macrophages were treated with plasma obtained from wild-type mice which received femoral ligation or sham operation for 4 h. Plasma from mice with ischemic muscle increased TNF-α expression in wild-type macrophages compared with that from sham-operated mice, however, plasma from mice with ischemic muscle did not show this response in Tlr9 −/− macrophages ( N = 4-6, per group). (C) ODN1826 promoted degradation of IκBα in wild-type macrophages in time dependent manner, suggesting the activation of NF-κB signaling. In Tlr9 −/− macrophages, this response was not observed. * P < 0.05 and *** P < 0.001. All values are mean ± SEM.
Article Snippet: Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with ODN1826 or control-ODN1826 (GeneDesign, Inc.), synthetic oligonucleotides that contain unmethylated CpG, for indicated time.
Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Ligation